The Welebaethan - A Journal of History

ISSN 2692-501X

Articles and Essays

Cover

Front Matter

Contents

Editors’ Preface

History Awards

Phi Alpha Theta

Submission Guidelines

Volume 51 (2024)

Articles and Essays

Trevor Arcadipane

A Tale of Intrigue and Alliances:
Cleopatra’s Complex Relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony

Natalya Rowe

Women of the Republic:
Female Influences in the Social History of Ancient Rome

Otis Clarke

“Si concordes fuissent”:
The Italian Merchant Communities during the Siege of Acre (1291)

Amanda Stone

Joan of Arc:
The Evolving Image of Heroic and Female Agency

Richard M. McGee

Religion, War, and Native America:
The Causes of the 1692 Salem Witchcraft Trials

Scott Terlouw

“Among our own selves”:
Molly Houses and the Formation of Georgian England’s Queer Community

Connor Etheridge

Warping the Black Cross:
The Ideological Portrayal of the Teutonic Knights from 1190 until Today

Sarah Snyder

Lesbians in Modern England:
Escaping Legislation Through Indefinability

Rielly K. Orrell

“Those Children Did Not Reach Home”:
The British Empire’ s Legacy in Canada’s Residential Schools from 1830 until Today

Jillian Devine

Communism in Art and Religion in Squares:
Kazimir Malevich’s Suprematism in Russia Since 1915

Isaiah Colton Thompson

“Sanctorum Communio” Abroad:
Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Vision of a Transnational Church in Rome, Barcelona, and New York

Benjamin Kiler

Hood Politics:
The Panthers, the Police, and the History of Guns as Tools of Black Resistance

Michael Salazar

On the Absence of Latino Participation in Aquatics:
Historic and Socioeconomic Barriers at Municipal Pools in Southern California

Monique Garcia

A Stain on Sweden’s History:
Compulsory Sterilization and the Eradication of Misfits

Rachel Jensen

Something Rotten:
The Danish Government’s Shift toward Restrictive and Xenophobic Policies
in the Twenty-First Century

Editions

Hannah Park, Amanda Stone, and Mel Vigil

Prayers, Planners, and Psalms:
Illuminated Latin Manuscript Fragments from Late Medieval Europe

Elijah Aguilar, Louis Choi, and Kevin W. Harper

Keeping up with the Havens:
Letters on Midwestern Family Affairs (1850–1875)

Vincent de la Torre, Ashley Munson, and Karina Serrato

Sowing Seasons and Rural Reflections:
Young Edwin Haven’s 1868 Diary

David Castillo, Andrew M. Coleman-Brown, Sebastian Hoang, Leslie Ramirez

Administrative Frustrations and Linguistic Explorations:
Panama (1889) and Malaysia (1914) in European Letters

Adam Estes and Mitchell Granger

Hollywood “Pret[end]Indian”:
Iron Eyes Cody on and off the Silver Screen (1971)

Madison Hardrick and Natalie Melgoza

Coexisting with the Indigenous:
Mary Chamberlain and the Paiute of Central California (1973)

Michael Armand and Eli Wolcott

The Highway to Nowhere:
Recollections of Newport Beach “Freeway Fighter” Howard Rogers (1976)

Jeremy Casil and Elizabeth Macias

“Today, you can go next door and they don’t know you”:
John LaRue’s Memories of Fullerton, California (1991)

Reviews

Books (one PDF)

Bren, Paulina.
The Barbizon:
The Hotel That Set Women Free.
Reviewed by Madison Hardrick
Elkins, Caroline.
Legacy of Violence:
A History of the British Empire.
Reviewed by Sebastian Hoang
Lewis, John, Andrew Aydin, Nate Powell, and L. Fury.
Run:
Book One.
Reviewed by Mel Vigil
Oun, Leth and Joe Samuel Starnes.
A Refugee’s American Dream:
From the Killing Fields of Cambodia to the U.S. Secret Service.
Reviewed by Mitchell Granger
Park, Eugene Y.
Korea:
A History.
Reviewed by Louis Choi
Pike, David L.
Cold War Space and Culture in the 1960s and 1980s:
The Bunkered Decades.
Reviewed by Mitchell Granger
Proffitt, Aaron P., and Dōhan.
Esoteric Pure Land Buddhism.
Reviewed by David Castillo
Ramirez, Janina.
Femina:
A New History of the Middle Ages through the Women Written Out of It.
Reviewed by Mel Vigil
Miller Renberg, Lynneth.
Women, Dance, and Parish Religion in England, 1300–1640:
Negotiating the Steps of Faith.
Reviewed by Natalie Melgoza
Rothera, Evan C.
Civil Wars and Reconstructions in the Americas:
The United States, Mexico, and Argentina.
Reviewed by Jeremy Casil
Wilson, Ben.
Metropolis:
A History of the City, Humankind’s Greatest Invention.
Reviewed by Aixa Guadelupe Martinez Tello

Exhibitions (one PDF)

The Art of Moviemaking: The Godfather.
Academy Museum, Los Angeles, CA.
Reviewed by Elizabeth Macias
The Banning Museum and the Drum Barracks Civil War Museum.
Wilmington, CA.
Reviewed by Adam Estes
Defining Courage.
Go For Broke National Education Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Reviewed by Marian Stefany Navarro
Eugène Atget.
The Getty Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Reviewed by Leslie Ramirez
The Gold Emperor of Aventicum.
The Getty Villa Museum, Pacific Palisades, CA.
Reviewed by Natalie Melgoza
Keith Haring: Art Is for Everybody.
The Broad, Los Angeles, CA.
Reviewed by Madison Hardrick
Printed in 1085.
The Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.
Reviewed by Amanda Stone

Films/Documentaries/TV Shows/Podcasts (one PDF)

All Quiet on the Western Front [film]. Directed by Edward Berger.
Reviewed by Sebastian Hoang
Babylon [film]. Directed by Damien Chazelle.
Reviewed by Andrew M. Coleman-Brown
Chevalier [film]. Directed by Stephen Williams.
Reviewed by Hannah Park
The English Game [TV series]. Directed by Birgitte Stærmose and Tim Fywell.
Reviewed by Michael Armand
Hansan: Rising Dragon [film]. Directed by Kim Han-min.
Reviewed by Louis Choi
Impeachment: American Crime Story [TV series]. Directed Ryan Murphy et al.
Reviewed by Elizabeth Macias
My Best Friend Anne Frank [film]. Directed by Ben Sombogaart.
Reviewed by Karina Serrato
Operation Mincemeat [film]. Directed John Madden.
Reviewed by Jeremy Casil
Oppenheimer [film]. Directed by Christopher Nolan.
Reviewed by David Castillo
RRR (Rise Roar Revolt) [film]. Directed by Srisaila Sri Rajamouli.
Reviewed by Elijah Aguilar
Welcome to Wrexham [TV series]. Produced by Drew Palombi et al.
Reviewed by Michael Armand

Games (one PDF)

Assassin’s Creed Mirage. Developer: Ubisoft Bordeaux.
Reviewed by Vincent de la Torre
Call to Arms - Gates of Hell: Ostfront. Developer: Barbedwire Studios, Digitalmindsoft.
Reviewed by Eli Wolcott
Gerda: A Flame in Winter. Developer: PortaPlay, BirdIsland.
Reviewed by Ashley Munson
Mount & Blade II: Bannerlord. Developer: TaleWorlds Entertainment.
Reviewed by Vincent de la Torre
Synaxarion: Acts Part 1. Developer: Ignatios Productions.
Reviewed by Jacob Nikolson
Total War: Rome Remastered. Developer: Feral Interactive, Creative Assembly.
Reviewed by Kevin W. Harper